Contraceptives Essays - Midwifery, Barrier Contraception

Contraceptives The practice of birth control prevents conception, thus limiting reproduction. The term birth control, coined by Margaret SANGER in 1914, usually refers specifically to methods of contraception, including STERILIZATION. The terms family planning and planned parenthood have a broader application. METHODS OF BIRTH CONTROL Attempts to control fertility have been going on for thousands of years. References to preventing conception are found in the writings of priests, philosophers, and physicians of ancient Egypt and Greece. Some methods, though crude, were based on sound ideas. For example, women were advised to put honey, olive oil, or oil of cedar in their vaginas to act as barriers. The stickiness of these substances was thought to slow the movement of sperm into the uterus. Wads of soft wool soaked in lemon juice or vinegar were used as tampons, in the belief that they would make the vagina sufficiently acidic to kill the sperm. The Talmud mentions using a piece of sponge to block the cervix, the entrance to the uterus. Sperm Blockage Several modern methods of birth control are practiced by creating a barrier between the sperm and the egg cell. This consists of the use of a chemical foam, a cream, or a suppository. Each contains a chemical, or spermicide that stops sperm. They are not harmful to vaginal tissue. Each must be inserted shortly before COITUS. Foams are squirted from aerosol containers with nozzles or from applicators that dispense the correct amount of foam and spread it over the cervix; creams and jellies are squeezed from tubes and held in place by a diaphragm or other device; and suppositories--small waxy pellets melted by body heat--are inserted by hand. More effective at keeping sperm and egg apart are mechanical barriers such as the diaphragm and cervical cap (both used with a spermicide), the sponge, and the condom. A diaphragm is a shallow rubber cup that is coated with a spermicide and positioned over the cervix before intercourse. Size is important; women need to have a pelvic examination and get a prescription for the proper diaphragm. The cervical cap, less than half the size but used in the same way, has been available worldwide for decades. It was not popular in the United States, however, and in 1977 it failed to gain approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); in 1988, the FDA again permitted its sale. The contraceptive sponge, which keeps its spermidical potency for 48 hours after being inserted in the vagina, was approved in 1983. Like the diaphragm and cervical cap, the sponge has an estimated effectiveness rate of about 85%. The devices only rarely produce side effects such as irritation and allergic reactions and, very rarely, infections. The condom, a rubber sheath, is rolled onto the erect penis so that sperm, when ejaculated, is trapped but care must be taken so that the condom does not break or slip off. A fresh condom should be used for each sexual act. Condoms also help protect against the spread of VENEREAL DISEASES, and, unlike other barrier devices, condoms made of latex do provide some protection--but not foolproof--protection against AIDS (see AIDS). Another method of preventing the sperm from reaching the egg is withdrawal by the man before ejaculation. This is the oldest technique of contraception and, because of the uncertainty of controlling the ejaculation, is considered one of the least effective. Altering Body Functions Even in ancient times, attempts were made to find a medicine that would prevent a woman's body from producing a baby. Only within the last century, however, have methods been developed that successfully interrupt the complex reproductive system of a woman's body. The first attempt, made in the 19th century, was based on a legend that camel drivers about to go on long journeys in the desert put pebbles in the wombs of female camels to keep them from becoming pregnant. Researchers tried to find something that would work similarly in a woman's cervix. The earliest such objects were made of metal and were held in by prongs. Later, wire rings were placed beyond the cervix, in the uterus itself, thus giving rise to the term intrauterine device, or IUD. IUDs appear to work by altering the necessary environment in the uterus for the fertilized egg. It was only with the introduction of modern plastics such as polyethylene, however, that IUDs were widely accepted. Their pliability led to simpler insertion techniques, and they could be left in place until pregnancy was desired unless a problem arose with their use. Copper-containing IUDs, and those that slowly released the hormone progesterone, had to be replaced periodically. Some users of IUDs, however, complained increasingly of the side effects of the devices. The most common problem was bleeding, and the devices could also cause uterine infections. More dangerous was the possible inducement of pelvic inflammatory disease

Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignmentâ€Cms 11, Sec. 8531 Essays

Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignment- Cms 11, Sec. 8531 Essays Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignment- Cms 11, Sec. 8531 Paper Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignment- Cms 11, Sec. 8531 Paper Message body Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignment- CMS 11, Sec. 8531 This assignment is a reasoning and analysis paper. What you have to do is to select one of the two movies listed below, and then develop a paper in which you analyze how both the halo effect (or the reverse halo effect) and the thesis expressed in Prof. Comila Shahani-Denning’s article are reflected in the movie. Be aware that the halo effect is not always about physical appearance. Also, although the halo effect and Shahani-Denning’s thesis may seem similar, they are not identical and should not be treated as one idea in your paper. What You Have to Do Prepare for this Assignment 1. Read the following article: Shahani-Denning, Comila. â€Å"Physical Attractiveness Bias in Hiring: What is Beautiful is Good. † Hofstra Horizons (Spring 2003): 15-18. (note: I found this article by googling the title. ) 2. Watch The Devil Wears Prada (2006) or Broadcast News (1987). 3. Write a 3/12 to 4 page paper (plus a works cited page; Times New Roman, 12 point font; double spaced) in which you answer the following question: How do the halo effect (or the reverse halo effect) and Shahani-Denning’s thesis apply to the assumptions and behaviors of the characters in the film as well as to your personal experience or to today’s popular culture? A good paper will accomplish all of the following (although not necessarily in the order listed): 1. Correctly identify the assigned article’s thesis and provide a concise, effective summary of the article that cites two or more supporting examples from the article. (Note: this may take you approximately one page); be sure to include in-text citations in MLA when you cite the article in your paper. . Explain how the article’s thesis relates to the movie. (Note be very specific when you relate the article’s thesis to the movie; use specific examples from the movie; be sure to cite the movie in your paper using MLA format, as well). 3. Explain what the halo effect (or the reverse halo effect) is and how it affects perception. (Note: yo u may use the definition from your textbook for the halo effect; be sure to cite your text if you do- this applies whether to use a direct quotation or paraphrase what the text says). 4. Explain how the halo effect (or the reverse halo effect) is depicted in the film. Again, be specific; each example needs to be described and cited). 5. Explain how the halo effect or Shahani-Denning’s thesis relates to a personal experience or to popular culture. (Note: popular culture means anything that has a wide popular appeal; forms of entertainment such as popular tv shows, music media, even the evening news are all part of the popular culture in the US). 6. Follow MLA guidelines for paper format and citation format (including in-text citations and a final works cited page). The final draft is due Saturday, Dec. rd (The weekend following the Thanksgiving break). Please Note: Late papers will not be accepted. Why are you doing this? This assignment will help you to learn how to apply a c oncept learned in class to your own life and society as well as to assimilate and synthesize information from a variety of sources. Your paper will be marked using the Departmental Scoring Rubric (this will be looked at in class). All papers will be uploaded to Turnitin. com to be screened for plagiarism (similarity report). Papers that are not submitted will not be graded.

Frankenstein Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Frankenstein - Essay Example As Victor is seen joining the university at Ingolstadt, he creates a monster, a grotesque act committed by him, which removes him far from the victory of committing a scientific triumph. He attempts to go beyond accepted human limits of knowledge in order to create secrets not known to mankind. The story behind Frankenstein thus may be viewed as a lesson about the search for knowledge as well as the dangerousness that accompanies the pursuit. The 1931 make the film based on this sci-fi thriller talks about how scientists at the time were not satisfied with what human life had to offer. Victor was devastated and bereaved the death of his mother and soon began to create a human life in order to bring back those memories that he shared. However, his emotions got warped up within the scientific aspects of life and gave birth to destruction instead. He questions his friend, Robert Walton, "Are you mad, my friend? Or whither does your senseless curiosity lead you? Would you also create for yourself and the world a demoniacal enemy? Peace, peace! Learn my miseries and do not seek to increase your own." Scientists have never given up on understanding the working of the human body, and just like most of them, Victor challenged himself to move his thoughts and ideas on to a more productive work sphere so as to not think about his past and family life. However, the film has a very tragedian note as it helps the audience understand the protagonist’s regret upon formulating a monster which ends up killing his loved ones.

Expanding an MNC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Expanding an MNC - Essay Example The company has a mission to satisfy the requirements of its customers. The cars manufactured by Excellent Motors are mainly light machine vehicles. The company offers cars within a wide range of price, targeting customers from middle income groups to high income groups as well. Excellent Motors have reported revenue growth over the years. In order to increase its business operations, the senior management of the company is considering expansion of the business into emerging markets. Question 2: Comparison Matrix for 3 emerging markets The three emerging markets chosen for expansion of business of Excellent Motors are China, India and Brazil. The comparison matrix for the three emerging markets is given as below: Environment China India Brazil Political The political environment in China is quite stable and has a political consensus for encouraging foreign automakers to invest in the Chinese economy. India has a multi-party political system with several opinions and intervention on t he policies of the government. Thus the political risk for expansion of the business is moderate. The political environment in Brazil is turbulent for the foreign automobile investors to invest in the country. The political risk of Brazil is on a higher side for expansion of the business. ... Due to the diverse set of sophisticated services, the foreign automakers have favored this destination. Legal & Regulatory China's legal and regulatory system has excessive number of clauses to be fulfilled by the foreign automakers which requires high startup cost and compliance cost. The legal and regulatory system of India allows moderate incentives for the foreign automakers to invest in India. There are several regulatory policies and laws on taxation for foreign automakers to invest in Brazil. Technological China is a country that has advanced technologies which would be beneficial for foreign automakers to invest in the country. India has made rapid progress in technological development due to the investments of foreign capitalists. The process for technology transfer required for investment by the foreign automakers in Brazil is relatively cumbersome. Ethical Chinese government has made ethical practices for business as mandatory criteria. The land has specific requirements f or foreign investors on ethical reporting and disclosures. The ethical standards for foreign investors in the automobile markets of India are moderate with requirements of true disclosure of business events. Brazil has also strengthened its requirements on ethical conduct of business by the foreign investors. Social responsibility The social responsibility activities of the foreign investors in China are viewed as positive contribution to the society in which they exist. The social responsibility acts of the foreign investors go a long way in creation of brand value for the companies in India. The social responsibility of the companies has helped the companies to increase their profitability in the long run. Cultural The

Death and birth of stars Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Death and birth of stars - Assignment Example The last known supernova occurred about 140 years ago in our galaxy. It was not recognized because it occurred close to the galaxy center. Our galaxy has been deficient in production of supernovas because only one has occurred in about 140 years as opposed to the documented probabilities. 4. One solar mass pre-main sequence tends to radiate more energy in the conformation of excessive heat: the need to acquire stability. Less energy is radiated upon entry into main sequence. It reaches equilibrium and becomes opaque. Energy tends to be conserved internally and hence less energy radiated and thus the observed reduction in luminosity. 5. Collision and Fusion force theory: it is proposed that water came to be on earth as a result of bombardment of comets; ‘wet’ asteroids and ice particles. Even though it may seem right, a humongous number of comets would be required to collide and form the huge should have been 6.36 million with a 40% ice-water as mass. This theory could be misleading because such huge number of comets might not have existed to pass close to earth, collide and form water. It is not clear if they could have produced about 1.33x10^18 tons of all water on earth. Second is the adhesion of water on interstellar dust particles theory. One theory proposed by Dr. Drake has indicated that water was already present on dust particles from the interstellar clouds. This through computer stimulations has established strong evidence that through adhesion forces; it could just be as true that water came to be on earth under such conditions. These forces were responsible for retention of water on dust particles even under extreme temperatures and pressure. This later joined to form water. This theory poses certain inconsistencies because it’s hard to really very water could have been held for that long on interstellar dust when planets

Trend and effects of global immigration

Trend and effects of global immigration Trend and Effects of Global Immigration Immigration is a major political issue in the United States. Elections are won or lost based on candidates position on immigration reform. According to a 2008 Gallup Poll most people in the United States believe that immigration should be decreased. (Gallup, 2010) However, according to the same poll, since 2005 whites and blacks feel that immigration should be decreased. Conversely, the data shows that Hispanics believe immigration should be increased. In contrast, since 2005 whites, blacks and Hispanics all believe that immigration is a good thing for this country. Still, while whites and blacks believe that immigrants cost tax payers too much, yet Hispanics believe that immigrants do not cost tax payers too much. All those who responded to the Gallup Poll believe that immigrants are willing to take the low-paying jobs that Americans dont want (Gallup, 2010). While Gallup data provides insight only to trends in the United States, data from the Ogranisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) provides a snapshot of the reality of immigration around the world. OECD data shows that since 2005 foreign populations have increased in the majority of countries tracked. The greatest increases in foreign workers are in the United States, C anada, Italy, New Zealand, and Spain (2009). Trends The migration of people is not a new phenomenon. History shows that people have migrated since ancient times (Mueller, 2007). [M]igrations are not an isolated phenomenon: movements of commodities and capital almost always give rise to movements of people state Castles and Miller (as cited in Ryan, 2007). The Gallup data illustrates a trend in public opinion in the United States that immigration should be decreased (2010), yet internationally, including United States, OECD data shows a trend that actual immigration is steadily increasing each year (2009). The increase in immigration suggests another trend in the job market in which low paying jobs in this country are taken by immigrants, which supports the Gallup report stating that while there are many reasons for migration, the universal desire of all is to get a good job (Clifton, 2007). Historically, immigrants were poor males that were mostly unskilled. These men immigrated generally for economic reasons to send money back to their families (Ryan, 2007). Since 1970 the profile of an immigrant has evolved to include females who choose to migrate for a variety of reasons including family reunification, improved quality of life for their children and good jobs (Ryan, 2007; Piper, 2006; Horton, 2008; Clifton, 2007). Since 1980 women outnumber male immigrants in countries such as Australia, the United States, and Canada (Ryan, 2007). Impact of Immigration To the extent that people migrate to reunite their families, get a good job, or improve their financial situation, migration is beneficial to the individual. However, the ultimate benefits of migration come at a cost. For example, Mexican women often migrate to provide ideal lives for their children, influenced by their perceptions of the . . . classic Western ideals of childhood as a space protected from adult burdens and the sphere of monetized relationships . . . (Horton, 2008). In their quests to provide perfect lives for their children, these mothers are separated from their children for months or even years at a time in order to earn enough money to transport their children across borders. Separations are often longer than expected because of increased post-9/11 border enforcement. The cost for these mothers is the deterioration of their relationships with their children. To ensure that their children do not forget, them they send gifts to their children such as toys, candy and clothes. For the children left behind the cost for them is, ironically, at the expense their childhoods. For example, eldest daughters are left to mother younger siblings. Children left behind sometimes feel abandoned, which fosters anger at their absent mothers. These children may also suffer emotionally at the insults of classmates who make fun of them because their parents have migrated to another county (Horton, 2008). Additionally, depending on how they enter a country (i.e., as refugees, asylum seekers, or trafficked) and the jobs they perform (i.e., domestic labor, sex work, service industry work, unskilled labor), many women remain undocumented, which suggests that immigration numbers are even higher than reported (Piper, 2006). The economic impact of migration influences society both positively and negatively. Sending countries benefit from unemployment relief and substantial income through remittances from emigrants (Ryan, 2007). Yet, sending countries also suffer from the loss of skilled workers. (The US National Intelligence Council, 2001) Receiving countries benefit from a new workforce of skilled and unskilled laborers who fill the jobs the younger generation entering the workforce typically does not want. Unfortunately, employers whose businesses depend on skilled labor often take advantage of illegal workers with low pay, long hours, poor conditions, and work law violations. Yet without these workers many of these businesses would fold. Paradoxically, as the need for skilled workers increases, migrant workers will begin to demand higher wages as companies compete for their skills (Hemme, 2006). According to Clifton, all countries will compete for the key commodity that creates jobs: brain gain. Brain gain is defined as a citys or countrys attraction of talented people whose exceptional gifts and knowledge create new business and new jobs and increase that citys or countrys economy (2007). These human mega talents and their supporting employees impact their local economies through their purchasing power. They also impact their countrys GNP through the production of their companies goods. While countries that are able to attract the mega-talents reap the ultimate economic benefits (Gallup estimates one talented star per $100 million of GNP), conversely the countries from which the talent leaves suffer severe brain drain through the lack of skilled workers in health, aviation, mining, shipping and port operations (Clifton, 2007). Conclusion In my professional experience, I have witnessed the effects of immigration on education. There is tremendous benefit to students and districts in the sharing of diverse cultures and languages. However, increased enrollment of children whose parents may not pay taxes places a significant financial burden on school districts because of the need to hire additional teachers and provide meals and transportation. Districts realize a decrease in attendance revenue when migrant families return to their sending countries for extended periods of time. Because of language barriers, districts must provide more bilingual teachers, administrators and paraprofessionals to ensure communication with migrant parents and students. Equally important, test scores suffer because of language barriers and disparity in educational standards of the sending country and receiving district. Migration will continue, but the destinations chosen will ultimately depend on where people can get a good job (Clifton, 2007). Dramatic increases in immigration are predicted in the United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America triggered by violent conflicts, economic crises, and natural disasters (The US National Intelligence Council, 2001). Globalization and democratization will make such dramatic increases difficult to control. Mass migration from Mexico, Cuba and Haiti to the United States will be the result of poverty and political unrest (U.S. National Intelligence Council, 2001). Nations must heed these trends and predictions, prepare their infrastructures and develop plans to attract brain gain to ensure economic success for their citizens. REFERENCES: Hemme, B R(Summer 2007).Global migration as a solution to worker shortages in industrialized economies.Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table, RetrievedFebruary 23, 2010,fromAcademic OneFileviaGale: Horton,S..(2008). Consuming Childhood: Lost and Ideal Childhoods as a Motivation for Migration.Anthropological Quarterly,81(4),925-943. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID:1616811601). Piper, N.(Spring 2006).Gendering the politics of migration (1).International Migration Review,40,1.p.133(32).RetrievedFebruary 23, 2010,fromAcademic OneFileviaGale: http://find.galegroup.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/gtx/start.do?prodId=AONEuserGroupName=novaseu_main Ryan, Jan. (2007). Globalization and migration in the 21st century: looking back into the future. Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Academic OneFile via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/gtx/start.do?prodId=AONEuserGroupName=novaseu_main The US National Intelligence Council on Growing Global Migration. (Documents).Dec 2001 Population and Development Review,27,4.p.817(3).RetrievedFebruary 23, 2010,fromAcademic OneFileviaGale: Gallup. (2010). Immigration. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/1660/Immigration.aspx#3

Hannibal Essay -- essays research papers

Hannibal, a Carthaginian general and one of the greatest generals that ever lived was renown for his strategies and courageousness, such as crossing the Alps and using the "bottleneck strategy" at Lake Trasemene. He used strategies that a lot of generals at this time, especially Roman generals, would never think of and in doing this he almost destroyed the Roman republic. Hannibal's first battle took place when he was only nine. He went on an expedition with his father, Hamilcar Barca, to conquer Spain. From the beginning Carthage’s push into Spain, Hannibal vowed eternal hatred for Rome; Hannibal became Commander in Chief of Carthage’s army when he was 26 after his father was assassinated. His conquest of the Roman town of Sagunto in Spain led to a new declaration of war by Rome; which started the second Punic War and Hannibal’s promise to visit Roman injustice back on Rome a hundred fold. For Carthage to take the town of Sagunto was completely within the rights of the Carthage and the treaty but Rome at the time was getting too big and becoming very imperialistic. All Rome could see was that they had to have all of the Mediterranean and the only thing that stood in their way was a single General and his men. The way in which the Romans were unconsciously straying from "mos maiorum" to manipulate the course of events wa s disturbing. Though these actions were not entirely the "evil" work of Rome. Hannibal from his earliest memories could recall nothing but hatred for Rome. Hannibal’s Father had instilled a horrifically self-destructive desire within Hannibal to see the fall of Rome. This desire manifested itself during The Second Punic War, which was the ultimate fight for supremacy in the Ancient World. The victor would have control over the entire Mediterranean Sea and all of the trade routes bringing land, pride, wealth, and dominance over the victors enemies. Hannibal took a 1,000 mile trek from New Carthage, Spain, through the Alps, Northern Italy, and finally to Carthage. Hannibal won most of his battles with Rome, but never got the reinforcement he needed to over take Rome. The men that he had with him at the time were renowned for their loyalty to Hannibal and unconventional fighting tactics. Their "Gorilla" type war fair or wars of "delaying" almost saw t... ... death and destruction for the Romans that Adolf Hitler would to our Civilization. Hannibal’s name became synonymous with the stereotype that Rome had of the Carthaginian perfidy. And it was this that Rome never wanted to see again; so to be a good Roman, one had to be taught what it was to be a "Hannibal" and how not to be a "Hannibal." In the end Rome was taught many valuable lessons and to the victor go the spoils; so it is a measure of the fear Hannibal’s name instilled, that long after he was dead and gone, parents would scold naughty children with the warning that if they weren't good, Hannibal would come to get them in the night. Italy itself suffered cruelly in the war. Hannibal spent fourteen years there, mostly in southern Italy. As the years went by, the steep hillsides began to lose their topsoil. By war's end, southern Italy was permanently impoverished. In fact, in our own century, in the 1960s, the Italian government began to attempt to recover and reclaim the land from Hannibal, an effort that still goes on intermittently. Hannibal's legacy outlived Rome itself, Cato the Elder would be turning over in his grave if he knew this.

Nhs Application Essay

I am interested in running for the position of Secretary of the National Honor Society so that I can assist the President and Vice President in making our school a better place. We, as members of this prestigious group, have the duty to involve Saucon Valley as a whole in order to do community service for the benefit of all. As Secretary, I plan to amp up the school spirit here at Saucon so that every individual student feels included and motivated to better our school and our community.For example, the blood drive that NHS hosts every year can become a schoolwide effort with a little more enthusiasm. In previous years, many underclassmen ignore the blood drive completely because of their age and thus, their inability to donate blood. But if we were to make the event more â€Å"fun† as a whole, we could encourage students to get the word out to their parents, neighbors, or friends to get involved and donate their blood to those who need it.And by â€Å"fun†, I imply dec orations throughout the school, exaggerated morning announcements, offers of food, anything that will get the student body excited to share their blood! On a more serious note, aside from the blood drawing, I would like to say that I greatly represent the four pillars of NHS: Character, scholarship, service, and leadership. I always maintain a positive attitude, even when faced with frustrating tasks.I strive to better myself through education as well, taking my classes seriously and valuing my grades. I also attempt to help others as well as our Community, providing service wherever it is needed. And lastly, I know how to take control of a situation with stern kindness, leading with an efficient and thoughtful mindset. I firmly believe that these abilities qualify me for the position of Secretary. Thank you!

Requerimientos de ingresos para patrocinar green card

Requerimientos de ingresos para patrocinar green card Si usted es ciudadano estadounidense o residente permanente legales y est en el proceso de solicitar una green card para uno o varios de sus  familiares, tendr que demostrar recursos econà ³micos suficientes. Si no puede hacerlo, la peticià ³n ser denegada. Pero,  ¿quà © cantidad de dinero se considera suficiente? La respuesta viene fijada por la ley y va a depender de: nà ºmero de personas que conforman su familia, de dà ³nde se vive y tambià ©n de si se tiene la condicià ³n de militar en activo o no. En este artà ­culo se resuelven esas inquietudes. Adems, se informa sobre quà © se puede computar como ingresos para obtener la cantidad que se pide, en quà © momento hay que demostrar dichos ingresos y, por à ºltimo, quà © se puede hacer si no se ingresa la cantidad requerida. Requerimientos de ingresos para patrocinar la green card a un familiar Los requerimientos financieros  son distintos segà ºn las categorà ­as: Familia Militares Alaska Hawaii Resto estados y PR 1 $11,880 $18,550 $17,087.5 $14,850 2 $16,020 $25,025 $23,037.5 $20,025 3 $20,160 $31,500 $28,987.5 $25,200 4 $24,300 $37,975 $34,937.5 $30,375 5 $28,440 $44,450 $40,887.5 $35,550 6 $32,580 $50,935 $46,887.5 $40,725 7 $36,730 $57,300 $52,787.5 $45,912.5 8 $40,890 $63,900 $58,762.5 $51,112.5 Cà ³mo entender la tabla   Existe una categorà ­a para militares en activo que son miembros del Army, los Marines, la Guardia Costera, las Fuerzas Aà ©reas o la Navy deben tener ingresos que equivalen al 100 por 100 de la cantidad fijada como là ­nea   o umbral de la pobreza, que es una cantidad que fija cada aà ±o el gobierno. Y es la que aparece en la tabla superior en la columna que dice: militares. Las diferencias corresponde al nà ºmero de miembros de la familia del solicitante. Para los que no son militares aplican cantidades distintas segà ºn el lugar en el que se radique. Asà ­, los patrocinadores que residen en Alaska deben probar ingresos por al menos el 125 por ciento de la là ­nea de la pobreza para ese estado, que ya est calculada para este aà ±o y es la que aparece en la tabla superior bajo el nombre de ese estado. Los mismo aplica a los residentes de Hawaii. Por à ºltimo, los patrocinadores que ni son militares ni residen en Alaska o Hawaii deben probar ingresos superiores al 125 por ciento de la là ­nea de la pobreza fijada por ley para lo que se conoce como los 48 estados continuos. Adems, esto  aplica tambià ©n a Washington D.C. y al estado libre asociado de Puerto Rico. Son las cantidades que aparecen en la tabla superior en la columna bajo Resto de los estados y PR (Puerto Rico).  ¿Cà ³mo se computan los ingresos para decidir si se cumplen con los requerimientos financieros? La forma ms rpida de saber si se tienen ingresos suficientes para patrocinar a un familiar es verificar la declaracià ³n de impuestos à ºltima (tax returns). Si se llenà ³ la planilla 1040 o la 1040A, checar la là ­nea de gross income. Si se completà ³ el formulario 1040EZ, verificar la de adjusted gross income. Son ingresos aquellos que proceden del trabajo, negocios, dividendos de acciones, intereses, desempleo, compensatoria por matrimonio (alimony) y tambià ©n la pensià ³n alimenticia por nià ±os (child support) o beneficios como recibir vivienda gratis por parte del empleador. Sin embargo, no se pueden considerar ingresos los que proceden de programas del gobierno calificados como means-tested. Es decir, cupones de alimentos, Medicaid, Ingresos Complementarios de Seguridad (SSI), Asistencia Temporal para Familias en Necesidad (TANF) y CHIP, un seguro mà ©dico para nià ±os. Es importante destacar que sà ­ se puede patrocinar a un familiar si se reciben uno o varios de esos beneficios calificados como means-tested. Lo que no se puede hacer es sumar esos ingresos al total de ingresos para asà ­ obtener la cantidad mà ­nima que pide la ley para patrocinar. Es decir, dicha cantidad hay que obtenerla sin la suma de lo que se recibe por benefiicios means-tested. Con respecto a los beneficios means-tested conviene resaltar una caracterà ­stica ms. Y es que si el patrocinador los recibe y su peticià ³n es aprobada tiene que tener en cuenta que si el patrocinado se beneficia de los means-tested el gobierno va a reclamar al patrocinador que se le regresen esos pagos. Adems, en relacià ³n a los ingresos conviene saber cà ³mo  afectan las deudas y el mal crà ©dito a los asuntos migratorios Si los ingresos no son suficientes,  ¿se pueden incluir otros bienes del patrocinado, como por ejemplo propiedades? La respuesta es sà ­, excepto en el caso de que el formulario que se emplee en la declaracià ³n de sostenimiento tambià ©n conocida como declaracià ³n jurada de patrocinio econà ³mico o por su nombre en inglà ©s de  affidavit of support, sea el I-864EZ. En todos los dems casos, sà ­ se puede. Los bienes que pueden utilizarse son todos aquellos que pueden ser fcilmente vendidos y convertidos en dinero. Es decir, viviendas u otros inmuebles raà ­ces, bonos o acciones. Se considera la cantidad que resulta de su valor despuà ©s de restar cargos como, por ejemplo, hipotecas. En este caso hay reglas diferentes sobre el valor que deben alcanzar. En el caso de patrocinio de adoptados que adquirà ­an la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense al ingresar al paà ­s, se pide que el valor de los bienes sea igual a la diferencia que existe entre los ingresos del patrocinador y los que se le pide por ley segà ºn el tamaà ±o de la familia. Sin embargo, si se trata del patrocinio de un ciudadano a su cà ³nyuge o a un hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os, el valor de esos bienes debe ser al menos 3 veces superior a la cantidad que existen de diferencia entre los ingresos del patrocinador y la cantidad que deberà ­a ingresar segà ºn el tamaà ±o de su familia. Y, finalmente, en todos los dems casos, el valor de esos bienes debe ser al menos 5 veces ms que la diferencia entre lo que el patrocinador est ingresando y la cantidad que se le pide por ley. Y si no es suficiente,  ¿se pueden incluir bienes y/o ingresos de la persona patrocinada? La respuesta es sà ­, pero con importantes limitaciones que se deben tener en cuenta. En el caso de los ingresos, por ejemplo, porque la persona que se pide est trabajando, se pueden tener en cuenta siempre y cuando sea là ³gico esperar que una una vez que obtiene la green card continà ºa recibià ©ndolos de la misma fuente de ingresos.    Adems, en este caso, si la patrocinada es una persona es distinta al cà ³nyuge del patrocinador, debe estar en la actualidad residiendo en el mismo hogar. Por ejemplo, una ciudadana americana se casa con un maestro que est en Estados Unidos trabajando como maestro con una visa H-1B y decide patrocinarlo para la green card. En este caso, si los medios econà ³micos de la ciudadana no son suficientes para patrocinar puede contar los de su esposo, si se espera que seguir trabajando para la misma escuela una vez que se convierte en residente. Sin embargo un caso muy distinto serà ­a el de una ciudadana casada con un maestro que trabaja en Mà ©xico. Aquà ­ no puede contar con esos ingresos del cà ³nyuge, porque una vez que el esposo obtenga la green card se mudarà ­a a Estados Unidos y dejarà ­a de tener esos ingresos. Por otro lado, sà ­ es posible contabilizar los bienes, como por ejemplo, propiedades o acciones, que la persona pedida tiene en el extranjero si se cumplen todos de los siguientes requisitos: pueda convertirse en dinero en   un plazo mximo de 12 meses se pueda ingresar ese dinero en Estados Unidos. Algunos paà ­ses no permiten el envà ­o de divisas al extranjero o ponen là ­mites, por lo tanto esto hay que tenerlo en cuentay finalmente, el valor neto de esos bienes debe ser al menos cinco veces ms grande que la diferencia entre los ingresos de la persona que pide y lo que por ley debe ingresar para poder patrocinar.   Lo que no se puede contabilizar para esta cumplir con la obligacià ³n de demostrar ingresos suficientes para patrocinar es una oferta firme de empleo diciendo que una vez que el patrocinado se convierte en residente tendr un trabajo. Sin embargo, esta carta sà ­ que puede ser interesante tenerla y mostrarla en el consulado no por la razà ³n de la que habla este artà ­culo sino para demostrar que no existe el problema de ser un riesgo de carga pà ºblica. Esto à ºltimo convierte a una persona en inadmisible y serà ­a causa de negar la green card.  ¿Existe la posibilidad de un co-patrocinador? En el caso en el que el patrocinador no puede cumplir con el requisito de ingreso puede buscar un co-patrocinador,   es lo que se conoce como joint sponsor. Esta persona tiene que saber claramente que asume responsabilidades legales al firmar como tal el affidavit of support. Adems, debe cumplir con una serie de requisitos: 18 aà ±os de edad o ms Ciudadano americano o residente permanente legal que tiene su domicilio habitual en uno de los 50 estados de los Estados Unidos o en sus territorios, como por ejemplo, el estado libre asociado de Puerto Rico.El co-patrocinador debe cumplir con el requisito de ingresos segà ºn el tamaà ±o de su familia Tambià ©n hay que destacar que el co-patrocinador no tiene que ser familiar ni del pedido ni de la persona que pide los papeles para su familiar. Y que incluso es posible tener ms de un co-patrocinador pero no ms de dos para el caso en los que se pide a un migrante con varios familiares incluidos en esa peticià ³n.   A tener muy en cuenta Segà ºn el tipo de peticià ³n, el momento de presentar el affidavit of support y la documentacià ³n de apoyo puede demorarse muchos aà ±os. Primero se aprueba el I-130 y luego tiene lugar una segunda fase, que puede ser un ajuste de estatus o un procedimiento consular. Es en esta segunda parte donde tiene que demostrarse que se cumple el requisito. No en la primera de peticià ³n mediante el I-130. Precisamente porque se tarda tanto en algunos tipos de peticiones, como muestra el boletà ­n de visas publicado por el Departamento de Estado, algunos patrocinadores pueden decidir desistir de la peticià ³n. Si se sigue adelante, es importante asesorarse con un abogado migratorio reputado si se tienen dudas sobre cà ³mo llenar las planillas del affidavit of support o cualquier otra. Y tener siempre presente que mentir en un formulario migratorio tiene consecuencias graves. Finalmente, es muy recomendable tomar este test de respuestas mà ºltiples sobre la green card porque aclara de forma sencilla dudas e inquietudes frecuentes sobre asuntos muy relacionados con la peticià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia y responsabilidades para mantenerla. Este artà ­culo es informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Euthanasia For life essays

Euthanasia For life essays In the magazine article entitled We Are Not Immune written by Ronald J. Glasser M.D. He discusses diseases, viruses and epidemics to Americans health. He argues that no matter what we do to prevent these sicknesses, we will never be immune. He also explains how the United States of America is not the best country for health care, contrary to popular belief. With all the money Americans spend on health care every year every one should be covered, but this is not the case in America. Meaning that the government is not doing enough to help its citizens. There are many things we can analysis in this lengthy article. The author is a doctor who is very knowledgeable on many aspects of medicine on people. He argues that the causes of illness in America are due to many factors. Not only are we to blame it is mostly the governments fault, for not giving accurate resources for its citizens to rely on. There are many premises the author of this article points out to the reader. 1. A public health system is only as strong as its weakest link. - Meaning that the health system is not as strong as we actually think it is. 2. Public-health departments across the country have never recovered from decades of cutbacks and downsizing. - The health system is still weak from tragedies. 3. Crytosporidium made its way to humans through runoffs from farmlands. - If we focused more of the causes we wouldnt need to focus on inventing a cure. I believe that the authors claims and evidence in this article is indeed very deductive and is producing an overall good argument on his points. Medical historians describe the last few decades as the age of the emerging plagues. Overpopulation, poverty, ecological devastation and of these factors conspire to create the conditions for unprecedented death by infectious disease (Glasser 1). I believe this quote is saying ...

Increasing Participation in the Marriage Enrichment Group at Essay

Increasing Participation in the Marriage Enrichment Group at Tabernacle Church - Essay Example As communicated to the researcher by the founding pastor, the Tabernacle discovered earlier in its ministry that in a dynamic world, the process of ministry is as important and as critical as the product of ministry. Therefore, small groups became the process through which quality care of members took place. Small groups were also places where members developed personal relationships. However, over the years, the groups at Tabernacle have been reduced to four. The structure of the Tabernacle Church is hierarchical, with the senior pastor being the Chief Executive Officer. Three assistant pastors help the senior pastor in providing general care for the congregation. They are also responsible for leading Men and Women’s Ministries as well as the Marriage Enrichment Ministry. The church has an administrator, a deacon and elder, two praise and worship leaders and an audio technician. Additionally, the Executive Board of the church comprises of the senior pastor, assistant pastors, the head deacon, an elder and the administrator. The Executive Board is responsible for hiring, buying and selling properties on behalf of the church. However, the senior pastor has the final say in decision-making and all of the above leaders report to him directly. The senior pastor of Tabernacle Church communicated to the researcher his observation of an ongoing pattern of low program activity, resulting in low program participation in the marriage subunit; hence, the problem. Further observation with the senior pastor reveals the effectiveness of the marriage enrichment subunit, which is supposed to create a network of support to encourage couples to grow in intimacy and commitment, as well as learn skills that will improve their marriages, has significantly declined. Consequently, the needed leadership is not being provided for the subunit of the family services

The Marketing Strategy by Nestle Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Marketing Strategy by Nestle - Assignment Example The lobbying and activism resulting from the approach created a serious ethical challenge for the company. The Nestle problem was not addressed articulately because of the activism that was associated with the death of infants as a result of the consumption of the infant formula. From research, it was realized that other factors contributed to the situation by increasing contamination of the infant food. However, these factors were not exhaustively handled because of the activism associated with the issues (Ghillyer 78). The problem in the case was not effectively evaluated in the process leading to the creation of ethical problem without concrete facts. The final research reveals many factors that influenced the performance of the infant formula but the damage was already done because of the social activism. The problem faced by Nestle can be defined articulately as a problem of contamination and be addressed by handling all activities from production to consumption which are not addressed in the activism approach. This question is vital because the performance or perceived performance of the product is the main cause of the ethical problem. In order to understand the situation, the evaluation of the reasons of occurrence is vital. The situation must be evaluated to understand the cause of the problem. For instance, the nestle infant food case was aggravated by the water quality and sources of contamination in the consumption stage leading death of infants which was in turn blamed on the product. Understanding of the situation is vital because it facilitates the decision making process. The situation occurred because the formula required the addition of water. However, the quality of water was compromising leading to a serious problem for the company and the infants. Therefore, the understanding of the actual causative factors is vital because it facilitates situation analysis.